Russian aviation. Aviation of Russia Military transport aircraft IL 106

At the end of December 2018, it became known that PJSC Il resumed work on the creation of a new military transport aircraft to replace the An-124 Ruslan. This was stated by the chief designer Nikolai Talikov.

Step of the "Elephant"

The An-124 remains the most load-bearing serial truck in the world, which more than once rescued and rescued from difficult situations. It was developed by OKB im. O. K. Antonov, and its modification An-124-100, which received an international airworthiness certificate, is legally a Ukrainian aircraft, although it would be more correct to call it “Soviet”. Still, it was developed and built by the whole country.

But the heavenly giant began to become obsolete morally and physically, and the question arose of replacing Ruslan. Russian designers made no less contribution to the development of the aircraft than the Ukrainian ones, and the concept of the future sky truck was first shown at MAKS-2017, where it was represented by Russia's Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute. NOT. Zhukovsky. The specialists of the institute had only just begun to develop a possible shape of the future super heavy transporter and named him "Elephant".

The world's largest transport aircraft An-124 "Ruslan" is capable of transporting super-heavy and bulky cargo over extremely long distances

An aerodynamic model of an air giant was developed at TsAGI - it differs from the aircraft itself not only in size and design, but also in the presence of a built-in surface pressure measurement system, which is necessary to create a complete picture of the aircraft's flow in all flight modes.

The model is universal and during its testing in subsonic and transonic wind tunnels, its shape easily changed in length, fuselage diameter, and wing sweep.

This made it possible to blow through the model in the civilian version for the Volga-Dnepr airline with a fuselage width of 5.3 m and a height of 5.2 m, and for the military department with a hull floor width of 6.4 m for placement in two rows of equipment.

TsAGI developed an aerodynamic model of the Elephant superheavy transporter for the Volga-Dnepr airline. The cruising speed of a promising heavy transport aircraft was planned to be 850 km / h with a maximum load of 180 tons and a flight range of 4900 km.

The cruising speed of a promising heavy transport aircraft should be 850 km / h with a maximum load of 180 tons and a flight range of 4900 km. It was planned to equip the giant truck with promising Russian PD-35 engines, instead of the Ukrainian D-18T, which do not have sufficient reliability, and their modernization in order to improve this key indicator turned out to be too expensive.

Back in Soviet times, a program was launched to create the Il-106 aircraft with such data, but after 1992 it was terminated due to lack of funds. Indeed, at that time, the existing An-124 aircraft was enough, especially since Antonov ASTC carried out a very laborious, costly and dramatic (in its course one An-124 crashed) work on certification of the civil version of the An-124-100, which opened his way to the global air transportation market.

PJSC "Il" resumed work on the creation of a new military transport aircraft to replace the An-124 "Ruslan"

But 20 years have passed, and today, of course, the question of improving Ruslan is ripe. There is no alternative to this - except for a replacement with a fundamentally new aircraft.

In June 2018, Antonov officially announced that it was impossible to modernize the An-124 without the participation of the Ukrainian side, because only they "possess all technical knowledge and necessary design information. Most likely, this is indeed true.

The discussions are over

So, at the end of December 2018, it became known that the Ilyushin aviation complex resumed work on creating a replacement for Ruslan, thereby removing the question of the need to resume mass production of the An-124 at the Aviastar aircraft plant in Ulyanovsk, loaded to the limit with the production of modernized Il- 76 and IL-78 tankers.

It is planned that during normal operation the aircraft will carry 80 tons of cargo, and during special conditions operation will be able to "lift" 110-120 tons. The cargo cabin of the Il-106 will be the same size as that of the An-124 Ruslan. In addition to new avionics, the aircraft will receive new engines with a thrust of 24-26 tons, which are being developed by the United Engine Corporation. They want to make a transporter according to a normal aerodynamic configuration with a moderately swept wing with vertical end surfaces.

The aircraft will receive front and rear cargo ramps, which will significantly speed up loading / unloading.

The cargo compartment of the Il-106 will be the same size as that of the An-124 Ruslan. It is planned that during normal operation the aircraft will carry 80 tons of cargo, and under special operating conditions it will be able to "lift" 110-120 tons

The new aircraft will be created in 2025-2026. Earlier, the Ministry of Defense stated that the state armaments program, calculated until 2027, included a project to create a super-heavy aircraft to replace the An-124 Ruslan.

An-124 Ruslan will run out of service in the foreseeable future, therefore, most likely the final decision is still up to PJSC "Il". Or not?

Back in the USSR, a program was launched to create the Il-106 aircraft - a heavy military transport aircraft.

Estimated characteristics of IL-106:

wingspan - 58.5 m

aircraft length - 57.6 m

height - 19.9 m

cargo compartment - 4 * 18000 kgf (4 * 176.52 kN), NK - 92.

maximum takeoff weight - 258000 kg

cruising speed - 820-850 km/h

flight range with ANZ - 5000 km

operational ceiling - 12100 m

takeoff run -1550 m

mileage -1400 m

crew - 2 people.

According to the materials of the sites

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The military transport aircraft of the PAK TA project will be called Il-106 / Photo: img11.nnm.me

The promising aviation complex of transport aviation (PAK TA) will be named Il-106. Nikolai Talikov, general designer of the Ilyushin Aviation Complex, told TASS about this.

“We have made a technical project, now we are offering it to the customer - the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. The customer gave his vision of this aircraft and its characteristics, we see that they coincide with our proposal. While negotiations are underway, and when they are over, we will be able to say something about the timing, ”added the general designer of Ilyushin.

The carrying capacity of the machine will be 80-100 tons. N. Talikov noted that the aircraft will be built according to the traditional scheme, and not according to the scheme of the carrier fuselage. The possibility of using the carrier fuselage on August 14, 2015 was reported by the head of Ilyushin, Yuri Yudin, but noted that this was only one of the options being considered, reports Lenta.ru.

Technical reference

In the mid-80s, a competition was announced for transport aircraft projects to replace the Il-76 and An-22. The competition was attended by OKB im. O.K.Antonova, OKB im. S.V. Ilyushin and OKB im. A.N. Tupolev. The winner was the project OKB them. Ilyushin.

Working design of the aircraft, which received the designation IL-106 started in December 1987. The design feature was to be the presence of two cargo hatches, front and rear, which should significantly speed up the loading and unloading operations. On the plane, it was decided to use the new high-bypass turbofan engines NK-92, developed in the Design Bureau of N.D. Kuznetsov.

High bypass turbofan NK-92 / Photo: business-gazeta.ru

IL-106 is a cantilever all-metal high-wing aircraft. Semi-monocoque fuselage. A moderately swept wing with vertical airfoils at the tips. The landing gear is retractable, multi-support, provides the possibility of operation from unpaved airfields.

The power plant consists of 4 NK-92 turbojet engines placed on pylons under the wing. For loading and unloading cargo and self-propelled equipment, the aircraft is equipped with two cargo hatches, front and rear. The aircraft is equipped with a digital EDSU. The information field of the cockpit is made using multifunctional LCD indicators.

At the Mosaeroshow-92 exhibition, a model of the promising Il-106 military transport aircraft, developed by the Design Bureau named after A.I. Ilyushin. Normal layout aircraft with four ultra-high bypass turbofan engines. This is an American S-17 "Globemaster III" class vehicle. The machine was designed to replace the Il-76 and An-22 ...

In the competition for the development of a new military-technical cooperation, the results of which were summed up in December 1987, participated in the Design Bureau. Ilyushin, Tupolev and Antonov with the An-170 project (an enlarged An-70). According to the plan, it was supposed to start building a prototype in 1995, and in 1997 to make the first flight. Distinctive feature of the aircraft is the installation of not only the tail, but also the nose cargo ramp (similar to the An-225 "Mriya"). In parallel with the Il-106, several modifications of this aircraft were being worked out. Since 1990, work has been underway on a tanker and a variant of AWACS for use after 2000. According to one of the options, the antenna was located in a fixed fairing above the fuselage with dimensions of 40 * 14.5 * 3.8 m. The equipment of the new aircraft should have included active self-defense systems (with air-to-air missiles) and electronic countermeasures. The design was created taking into account measures to reduce visibility. It is possible to use a special wing coating for natural laminar flow. At the end of the twentieth century, it was planned that after 2005 the updated Il-106 and Il-96T, and later a promising transport aircraft, would go into service.

wingspan 58.5 m
aircraft length 57.6 m
height 19.9 m
cargo cabin 34 * 6 * 4.6 m
engines 4 * 18000 kgf (4 * 176.52 kN), NK - 92.
maximum takeoff weight 258000 kg
maximum load 80000 kg
cruising speed 820-850 km/h
flight range with ANZ 5000 km
operational ceiling 12100 m
takeoff run 1550 m
mileage 1400 m
crew 2 people

To replace the Il-76 and An-22 at the end of the 80s, work began in the USSR on a fundamentally new operational-strategic vehicle. A competition of projects was held, in which, in addition to the Design Bureau named after S.V. Ilyushin, the Design Bureau named after S.V. Antonov (An-170 - an enlarged version of the military-technical cooperation An-70) and OKB im. A.N. Tupolev (Tu-330). The victory was won by OKB them. V.S. Ilyushin, who proposed in December 1987 the preliminary design of the Il-106 aircraft.

In the mid-80s, a competition was announced for transport aircraft projects to replace the Il-76 and An-22. The competition was attended by OKB im. O.K.Antonova, OKB im. S.V. Ilyushin and OKB im. A.N. Tupolev. The winner was the project OKB them. Ilyushin.

The working design of the aircraft, which received the designation Il-106, began in December 1987. The design feature was to be the presence of two cargo hatches, front and rear, which should significantly speed up the loading and unloading operations. On the plane, it was decided to use the new high-bypass turbofan engines NK-92, developed in the Design Bureau of N.D. Kuznetsov. It was supposed to start manufacturing the first prototype in 1995, and flight tests - in 1997, but due to the protracted economic crisis in the country, these plans have not yet been implemented. The allocated funds are only enough to make changes to the project due to changes in aviation fashion and the emergence of more advanced systems.

IL-106 is a cantilever all-metal high-wing aircraft. Semi-monocoque fuselage. A moderately swept wing with vertical airfoils at the tips. The landing gear is retractable, multi-support, provides the possibility of operation from unpaved airfields. The power plant consists of 4 NK-92 turbojet engines placed on pylons under the wing. For loading and unloading cargo and self-propelled equipment, the aircraft is equipped with two cargo hatches, front and rear. The aircraft is equipped with a digital EDSU. The information field of the cockpit is made using multifunctional LCD indicators.

The Il-106 aircraft is a project of a heavy military transport aircraft created at the Ilyushin Design Bureau. It was designed in the period from the 80s to the 90s of the last century on a competitive state basis (USSR) between the leading design bureaus of the country (Antonov Design Bureau, Tupolev Design Bureau and Ilyushin Design Bureau). The plans of the Ministry of Defense included the hope of creating a new military transport aircraft that would replace the obsolete Il-76 and An-22. The Il-106 itself, as the first prototype, was planned to be released in 1995, and flight tests would begin two years later. But due to the events that began during the collapse of the USSR in the 90s, there were no financial opportunity, nor the interest of the Air Force.

The aircraft was designed to transport cargo weighing 80 tons with a dead weight of 135 tons. According to the project, the device should be able to fly a distance of 5000 km with the ability to switch to a cruising speed of 850 km / h. The practical ceiling for the transporter was to be 12,000 m.

The fuselage is an all-metal monoplane with a normal aerodynamic configuration and a total length of more than 57 meters. The wing is moderately swept with end vertical surfaces. In order for a heavily loaded aircraft to be able to carry out transportation, the wingspan was increased to 58.5 m during the design. The cargo cabin is sealed, the length is 34 m. The cabin is divided into front and rear cargo ramps, which in turn greatly speeds up the process of loading and unloading. To ensure the operation of the aircraft on unpaved airfields, a retractable multi-support landing gear was installed.

The power plant is represented by four NK-92 turbojet engines. For this military transporter, they were developed in Samara at the Kuznetsov Design Bureau in a special order. Initially, they planned to install a more advanced and powerful NK-93 model, but at the time of designing the aircraft, it was still only being conceived (it was demonstrated in 2007 at the MAKS air show).

Of the equipment, the equipment of its digital EDSU was considered a novelty for the never built aircraft. In the cockpit, designed for two people, the information field was planned to be made of multifunctional LCD indicators. The aircraft was made in a draft version.
More recently, it became known that the never-built IL-106 will become the basis for the development of future Ermak PTS. The management of Ilyushin Design Bureau plans to start developing a new family of promising superheavy transport aircraft in 2016.

Similar variants of such aircraft: An-22, Boeing C-17 Globemaster III, An-124, Xian Y-20.

IL-106 characteristics:

Maximum takeoff weight, kg 258,000

Payload weight, kg 80,000

Engine thrust, kg 4x 18 000

Cruising speed, km/h 820-850

Practical ceiling, m 14 000 Practical range

With maximum load, km 5000

Maximum range, km 10,000

Aircraft length, m 57.60

Wingspan, m 58.50

Aircraft height, m ​​19.90

Required runway length, m 1300-1400

This unique heavy transport aircraft could provide the transfer of a full-blooded tank platoon over a distance of up to 5000 kilometers and was supposed to replace the Il-76 and An-124 in Russian transport aviation.

The transport Il-76 is the legendary "workhorse" of the Soviet and Russian skies. The heavy aircraft, put into service in 1974, is still being actively modernized and operated almost all over the world. But, few people know that back in 1992, at the Mosaeroshow exhibition, a model of an aircraft was presented, designed to replace the "seventy-sixth".

So, meet - IL-106.

The development of a new military transport aircraft with a planned carrying capacity of 80 tons began in 1988. When creating the Il-106, first of all, the technical solutions used in the design of another heavy transport aircraft, the An-225 Mriya, were taken into account. Thus, the Il-106 loading ramp was located not only in the tail, but also in the nose of the new aircraft, that is, the aircraft cabin was designed to be tilted, which greatly facilitated loading and unloading operations. Moreover, the design of the Il-106 airframe, with a wingspan of almost 60 meters, was created taking into account methods to reduce the overall visibility of the aircraft, and the machine itself had to be equipped with active and passive self-defense systems (air-to-air missiles and electronic countermeasures equipment, respectively).

The total length of the sealed cargo compartment of the "one hundred and sixth" was 34 meters, which made it possible to place 4 main battle tanks or two passenger buses inside its hull at once. As power plants, special NK-92 engines with a thrust of 18,000 kgf were developed for the aircraft. each, which would provide the Il-106 with a flight range of 5,000 kilometers and a maximum ceiling and a speed of 14,000 meters and 850 km / h. respectively.

With similar flight characteristics, the "one hundred and sixth", fully realized in metal, would completely surpass all existing foreign analogues and easily become leaders in the global heavy transport aviation market. The first flight copy of the transporter was supposed to take off already in 1997, and after 2000, a flying tanker and an AWACS aircraft built on the basis of the Il-106 were supposed to take to the wings. But, alas, it is extremely difficult. economic situation, which prevailed at that time in the country, did not allow the implementation of an ambitious and promising project: the “one hundred and sixth” remained only on paper and in a mock-up form.

However, according to information recently leaked to the media, the developments gained in the design of the Il-106 have not been lost and are actively used by the Ilyushin Design Bureau to create the promising super-heavy transport aircraft Yermak. And behind these letters, of course, PAK TA is guessed ...